summaryrefslogtreecommitdiff
path: root/common/android_ab.c
blob: e0fe32d24da5b1cd616a3bd3f08ba16547c8c871 (plain)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
89
90
91
92
93
94
95
96
97
98
99
100
101
102
103
104
105
106
107
108
109
110
111
112
113
114
115
116
117
118
119
120
121
122
123
124
125
126
127
128
129
130
131
132
133
134
135
136
137
138
139
140
141
142
143
144
145
146
147
148
149
150
151
152
153
154
155
156
157
158
159
160
161
162
163
164
165
166
167
168
169
170
171
172
173
174
175
176
177
178
179
180
181
182
183
184
185
186
187
188
189
190
191
192
193
194
195
196
197
198
199
200
201
202
203
204
205
206
207
208
209
210
211
212
213
214
215
216
217
218
219
220
221
222
223
224
225
226
227
228
229
230
231
232
233
234
235
236
237
238
239
240
241
242
243
244
245
246
247
248
249
250
251
252
253
254
255
256
257
258
259
260
261
262
263
264
265
266
267
268
269
270
271
272
273
274
275
276
277
278
279
280
281
282
283
284
285
286
287
288
289
290
291
292
293
294
295
296
297
298
299
300
301
302
// SPDX-License-Identifier: BSD-2-Clause
/*
 * Copyright (C) 2017 The Android Open Source Project
 */
#include <common.h>
#include <android_ab.h>
#include <android_bootloader_message.h>
#include <malloc.h>
#include <linux/err.h>
#include <memalign.h>
#include <u-boot/crc.h>
#include <u-boot/crc.h>

/**
 * Compute the CRC-32 of the bootloader control struct.
 *
 * Only the bytes up to the crc32_le field are considered for the CRC-32
 * calculation.
 *
 * @param[in] abc bootloader control block
 *
 * @return crc32 sum
 */
static uint32_t ab_control_compute_crc(struct bootloader_control *abc)
{
	return crc32(0, (void *)abc, offsetof(typeof(*abc), crc32_le));
}

/**
 * Initialize bootloader_control to the default value.
 *
 * It allows us to boot all slots in order from the first one. This value
 * should be used when the bootloader message is corrupted, but not when
 * a valid message indicates that all slots are unbootable.
 *
 * @param[in] abc bootloader control block
 *
 * @return 0 on success and a negative on error
 */
static int ab_control_default(struct bootloader_control *abc)
{
	int i;
	const struct slot_metadata metadata = {
		.priority = 15,
		.tries_remaining = 7,
		.successful_boot = 0,
		.verity_corrupted = 0,
		.reserved = 0
	};

	if (!abc)
		return -EFAULT;

	memcpy(abc->slot_suffix, "a\0\0\0", 4);
	abc->magic = BOOT_CTRL_MAGIC;
	abc->version = BOOT_CTRL_VERSION;
	abc->nb_slot = NUM_SLOTS;
	memset(abc->reserved0, 0, sizeof(abc->reserved0));
	for (i = 0; i < abc->nb_slot; ++i)
		abc->slot_info[i] = metadata;

	memset(abc->reserved1, 0, sizeof(abc->reserved1));
	abc->crc32_le = ab_control_compute_crc(abc);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * Load the boot_control struct from disk into newly allocated memory.
 *
 * This function allocates and returns an integer number of disk blocks,
 * based on the block size of the passed device to help performing a
 * read-modify-write operation on the boot_control struct.
 * The boot_control struct offset (2 KiB) must be a multiple of the device
 * block size, for simplicity.
 *
 * @param[in] dev_desc Device where to read the boot_control struct from
 * @param[in] part_info Partition in 'dev_desc' where to read from, normally
 *			the "misc" partition should be used
 * @param[out] pointer to pointer to bootloader_control data
 * @return 0 on success and a negative on error
 */
static int ab_control_create_from_disk(struct blk_desc *dev_desc,
				       const disk_partition_t *part_info,
				       struct bootloader_control **abc)
{
	ulong abc_offset, abc_blocks, ret;

	abc_offset = offsetof(struct bootloader_message_ab, slot_suffix);
	if (abc_offset % part_info->blksz) {
		log_err("ANDROID: Boot control block not block aligned.\n");
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	abc_offset /= part_info->blksz;

	abc_blocks = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(struct bootloader_control),
				  part_info->blksz);
	if (abc_offset + abc_blocks > part_info->size) {
		log_err("ANDROID: boot control partition too small. Need at");
		log_err(" least %lu blocks but have %lu blocks.\n",
			abc_offset + abc_blocks, part_info->size);
		return -EINVAL;
	}
	*abc = malloc_cache_aligned(abc_blocks * part_info->blksz);
	if (!*abc)
		return -ENOMEM;

	ret = blk_dread(dev_desc, part_info->start + abc_offset, abc_blocks,
			*abc);
	if (IS_ERR_VALUE(ret)) {
		log_err("ANDROID: Could not read from boot ctrl partition\n");
		free(*abc);
		return -EIO;
	}

	log_debug("ANDROID: Loaded ABC, %lu blocks\n", abc_blocks);

	return 0;
}

/**
 * Store the loaded boot_control block.
 *
 * Store back to the same location it was read from with
 * ab_control_create_from_misc().
 *
 * @param[in] dev_desc Device where we should write the boot_control struct
 * @param[in] part_info Partition on the 'dev_desc' where to write
 * @param[in] abc Pointer to the boot control struct and the extra bytes after
 *                it up to the nearest block boundary
 * @return 0 on success and a negative on error
 */
static int ab_control_store(struct blk_desc *dev_desc,
			    const disk_partition_t *part_info,
			    struct bootloader_control *abc)
{
	ulong abc_offset, abc_blocks, ret;

	abc_offset = offsetof(struct bootloader_message_ab, slot_suffix) /
		     part_info->blksz;
	abc_blocks = DIV_ROUND_UP(sizeof(struct bootloader_control),
				  part_info->blksz);
	ret = blk_dwrite(dev_desc, part_info->start + abc_offset, abc_blocks,
			 abc);
	if (IS_ERR_VALUE(ret)) {
		log_err("ANDROID: Could not write back the misc partition\n");
		return -EIO;
	}

	return 0;
}

/**
 * Compare two slots.
 *
 * The function determines slot which is should we boot from among the two.
 *
 * @param[in] a The first bootable slot metadata
 * @param[in] b The second bootable slot metadata
 * @return Negative if the slot "a" is better, positive of the slot "b" is
 *         better or 0 if they are equally good.
 */
static int ab_compare_slots(const struct slot_metadata *a,
			    const struct slot_metadata *b)
{
	/* Higher priority is better */
	if (a->priority != b->priority)
		return b->priority - a->priority;

	/* Higher successful_boot value is better, in case of same priority */
	if (a->successful_boot != b->successful_boot)
		return b->successful_boot - a->successful_boot;

	/* Higher tries_remaining is better to ensure round-robin */
	if (a->tries_remaining != b->tries_remaining)
		return b->tries_remaining - a->tries_remaining;

	return 0;
}

int ab_select_slot(struct blk_desc *dev_desc, disk_partition_t *part_info)
{
	struct bootloader_control *abc = NULL;
	u32 crc32_le;
	int slot, i, ret;
	bool store_needed = false;
	char slot_suffix[4];

	ret = ab_control_create_from_disk(dev_desc, part_info, &abc);
	if (ret < 0) {
		/*
		 * This condition represents an actual problem with the code or
		 * the board setup, like an invalid partition information.
		 * Signal a repair mode and do not try to boot from either slot.
		 */
		return ret;
	}

	crc32_le = ab_control_compute_crc(abc);
	if (abc->crc32_le != crc32_le) {
		log_err("ANDROID: Invalid CRC-32 (expected %.8x, found %.8x),",
			crc32_le, abc->crc32_le);
		log_err("re-initializing A/B metadata.\n");

		ret = ab_control_default(abc);
		if (ret < 0) {
			free(abc);
			return -ENODATA;
		}
		store_needed = true;
	}

	if (abc->magic != BOOT_CTRL_MAGIC) {
		log_err("ANDROID: Unknown A/B metadata: %.8x\n", abc->magic);
		free(abc);
		return -ENODATA;
	}

	if (abc->version > BOOT_CTRL_VERSION) {
		log_err("ANDROID: Unsupported A/B metadata version: %.8x\n",
			abc->version);
		free(abc);
		return -ENODATA;
	}

	/*
	 * At this point a valid boot control metadata is stored in abc,
	 * followed by other reserved data in the same block. We select a with
	 * the higher priority slot that
	 *  - is not marked as corrupted and
	 *  - either has tries_remaining > 0 or successful_boot is true.
	 * If the selected slot has a false successful_boot, we also decrement
	 * the tries_remaining until it eventually becomes unbootable because
	 * tries_remaining reaches 0. This mechanism produces a bootloader
	 * induced rollback, typically right after a failed update.
	 */

	/* Safety check: limit the number of slots. */
	if (abc->nb_slot > ARRAY_SIZE(abc->slot_info)) {
		abc->nb_slot = ARRAY_SIZE(abc->slot_info);
		store_needed = true;
	}

	slot = -1;
	for (i = 0; i < abc->nb_slot; ++i) {
		if (abc->slot_info[i].verity_corrupted ||
		    !abc->slot_info[i].tries_remaining) {
			log_debug("ANDROID: unbootable slot %d tries: %d, ",
				  i, abc->slot_info[i].tries_remaining);
			log_debug("corrupt: %d\n",
				  abc->slot_info[i].verity_corrupted);
			continue;
		}
		log_debug("ANDROID: bootable slot %d pri: %d, tries: %d, ",
			  i, abc->slot_info[i].priority,
			  abc->slot_info[i].tries_remaining);
		log_debug("corrupt: %d, successful: %d\n",
			  abc->slot_info[i].verity_corrupted,
			  abc->slot_info[i].successful_boot);

		if (slot < 0 ||
		    ab_compare_slots(&abc->slot_info[i],
				     &abc->slot_info[slot]) < 0) {
			slot = i;
		}
	}

	if (slot >= 0 && !abc->slot_info[slot].successful_boot) {
		log_err("ANDROID: Attempting slot %c, tries remaining %d\n",
			BOOT_SLOT_NAME(slot),
			abc->slot_info[slot].tries_remaining);
		abc->slot_info[slot].tries_remaining--;
		store_needed = true;
	}

	if (slot >= 0) {
		/*
		 * Legacy user-space requires this field to be set in the BCB.
		 * Newer releases load this slot suffix from the command line
		 * or the device tree.
		 */
		memset(slot_suffix, 0, sizeof(slot_suffix));
		slot_suffix[0] = BOOT_SLOT_NAME(slot);
		if (memcmp(abc->slot_suffix, slot_suffix,
			   sizeof(slot_suffix))) {
			memcpy(abc->slot_suffix, slot_suffix,
			       sizeof(slot_suffix));
			store_needed = true;
		}
	}

	if (store_needed) {
		abc->crc32_le = ab_control_compute_crc(abc);
		ab_control_store(dev_desc, part_info, abc);
	}
	free(abc);

	if (slot < 0)
		return -EINVAL;

	return slot;
}